GCVR
GRAMMAR
1) I don’t like living here.”
Why? ____________ being centrally located, this is a beautiful house.
a) Nonetheless
b) In addition to
c) Despite
d) Although
2) I’ll never finish this assignment on time.
Don’t you know we have ______________?
a) A 10 day extension period
b) A 10 days extension period
c) 10 days an extension period
d) The period of 10 days extension
3) Why aren’t you seeing Walter any more?
_________________ Walter to tell you.
a) Let
b) Have
c) Get
d) Say
4) Let’s eat at Domenico’s tonight.
Good idea, but we _______________ better see about reserving a table.
a) Would be
b) Should
c) Had
d) Have
5) How could you have eaten the whole cake?
Well, ________________ the two of us, we managed it.
a) By
b) Besides
c) Between
d) For
6) Your father looks angry.
He’s upset _____________ the year.
a) For me to fail
b) About my failure
c) About my failing
d) To fail
7) I think they’ll be very happy together.
I don’t. They aren’t _____________ to one another.
a) Suitable
b) Suited
c) Suiting
d) Suitably
8) Who is bringing Jane to the party?
Do you know _____________?
a) Is she coming
b) Will she come
c) If she is coming
d) If she comes
9) The plumber is finally here.
Good. Show him what needs ______________.
a) Fixed
b) To be fixed
c) To fix
d) For fixing
10) Do you have any close friends?
Yes, and I think everyone should have friends _______________ they can talk to.
a) With whom
b) To whom
c) Which
d) That
11) He really is a great actor.
Yes, we were all very impressed _______________ his acting.
a) From
b) By
c) Through
d) At
12) Don’t be late again.
I plan ___________ being the first one there.
a) To
b) About
c) For
d) On
13) I don’t think Joe is a good choice for president.
I don’t think he’s _____________ eloquent enough.
a) Quite
b) Too
c) Very
d) Much
14) Do you feel tired?
Yes, I ___________
a) Do feel
b) Am
c) Do
d) Feel
15) Did you send in your application forms?
No, I was ____________ them in by now, but I can’t decide which university I want to go to.
a) To send
b) Sent
c) To have sent
d) To have been sent
16) Why were you studying all night?
Had I not, I ____________.
a) Would fail
b) Would be failed
c) Would of failed
d) Would have failed
17) Where would you like to live?
______________ I’ve always dreamed of doing is retiring to Bermuda.
a) What
b) There
c) Where
d) That
18) Why don’t we go in John’s car?
He has ___________ for all of us to fit into.
a) A too small car
b) Too small a car
c) Very small a car
d) Such small a car
19) The doctor told him he’s very sick.
That’s something we may all ________ one day.
a) Face with
b) Be faced with
c) Be faced
d) Be facing with
20) Did you eat all of the casserole that was in the oven?
Yes, __________ I would have starved to death.
a) Even though
b) Otherwise
c) Nonetheless
d) Unless
21) That tablecloth is all wrinkled.
It needs ________ before you can lay it on the table.
a) To press
b) To be press
c) Pressing
d) Pressed
22) I found this book on my desk.
Check and see if __________ a name in it.
a) It is
b) This is
c) There is
d) It may be
23) Why did Henry and Marge separate?
Because however ____________, they couldn’t get along.
a) They tried hard
b) Hard they tried
c) Hardly they tried
d) They did try hard
24) Aren’t they finished yet?
They could _____________ by this time tomorrow.
a) Have been
b) Be finish
c) Finished
d) Finish
25) Is Davidson a good dentist?
Certainly not! I’ve never felt more pain ________ in his dentist’s chair.
a) Like
b) Than
c) As
d) But
26) Doesn’t listening to that song over and over again bore you?
No, ______________ I enjoy it.
a) Enough surprising
b) Surprisingly enough
c) Surprise enough
d) Enough surprisingly
27) Have you thought of studying in Sweden?
No. I prefer ____________ any day.
a) An educational American
b) An American education
c) An education in America
d) Educated in America
28) Haven’t they come yet?
No, they should be here ____________ two hours.
a) Around
b) Until
c) In
d) By
29) Are you going to study or red this new best seller tonight?
I’ll neither study _________ read anything.
a) Nor
b) Or
c) And not
d) And not even
30) Do you have lunch here often?
No, I usually eat in the _________.
a) School’s cafeteria
b) School cafeteria
c) Cafeteria of school
d) Schools cafeteria
31) Must you always believe what she tells you?
Yes, I have complete faith ___________ whatever she says.
a) On
b) In
c) To
d) For
32) He’s a clothing designer isn’t she?
Yes. He’s one of the best ________ of new fashions in his hobby.
a) Creation
b) The creation
c) Creating
d) To create
33) Do you have many friends?
No, Ester is ________ true friend.
a) My only one
b) My one and only
c) Only my one
d) My only and one
34) Will you join us for a drink after the meeting?
____________ I’d like to, I won’t have time.
a) So much that
b) As much as
c) More than
d) Too much that
35) I went out and bought you the dress you had seen at Robinson’s.
Oh dear. I wish you _____________ me first.
a) Would ask
b) Would have asked
c) Asked
d) Had asked
36) What happened to you last night?
No sooner had we arrived _______ we discovered that we had forgotten our suitcases.
a) When
b) That
c) Than
d) But
37) The fruit on those trees looks ripe.
Now is the time ___ it.
a) To pick
b) Picking
c) Pick
d) For to pick
38) Where will you eat now that the cafeteria was closed down?
I don’t know. I ____ there.
a) Was used to eat
b) Was used to eating
c) Use to eat
d) Used to eating
39) He really is very clever.
Yes. _______ Fascinating ideas he has.
a) How
b) What
c) Which
d) Those
40) Do you go to the gym every second day?
Yes. I believe that exercising ______________.
a) Is improving one’s health
b) One’s health improves
c) Improves one’s health
d) By improving one’s health
CLOSE
Can trees talk? Yes – but not in _41_. Scientists have _42_ to believe that trees _43_ communicate _44_each other. Not long ago, researchers learned some surprising things. First, a willow tree _45_ in the woods by caterpillars changed the chemistry of its leaves and made them taste so _46_ that the caterpillars _47_ disgusted and stopped eating them _48_, even _49_ astonishing, the _50_ sent out special vapors – an alarm signal _51_ its neighbors to change the chemistry of their own leaves and make them _52_ tasty.
_53_, of course, doesn’t need to be in words. We can talk to _54_ other by a smile, frown, a shrug of our shoulders, a gesture with our _55_. We know _56_ birds and animals use a _57_ vocabulary of songs, sounds, and movements. Bees dance their signals, flying in certain patterns _58_ tell other bees where to find nectar for honey. So why _59_ _60_ have ways of sending messages?
41. a. voice c. fact
B. reality d. words
42. a. had c. made
B. reason d. came
43. a. do c. Have
B. which d. many
44. a. for c. with
B. by d. to
45. a. standing c. found
B. was d. attacked
46. a. good c. Awful
B. much d. badly
47. a. got c. Which
B. they d. Very
48. a. being c. was
C. then d. tough
49. a. more c. that
B. as d. so
50. a. leaf c. neighbors
C. caterpillars d. tree
51. a. for c. stimulating
B. making d. that
52. a. so c. very
B. less d. not
53. a. stimulation c. reason
B. communication d. that
54. A. One c. each
B. an d. the
55. a. eyes c. head
B. mouth d. hands
56. a. that c. the
B. often d. because
57. a. widely c. lot
B. whole d. new
58. a. trying c. that
B. they d. and
59. a. don’t c. not
B. the d. shouldn’t
60. a. tress c. they
B. birds d. bees
Vocabulary
61) His defense is so weak that in court he won’t have____.
a) To get away with it
b) To pull my leg
c) A leg to stand on
d) To tamper with it
62) Because her death was a suicide, the insurance company refused to give the family____.
a) Restitution
b) Assertion
c) Refund
d) Rehabilitation
63) It’s not my responsibility because it wasn’t during my _____. John was the manager then.
a) Zeal
b) Infliction
c) Peak
d) Tenure
64) Children don’t like to be _____ in front of others.
a) Admonish
b) Precipitated
c) Forlorn
d) Abandoned
65) Those large speakers will really _____ the sound.
a) Cease
b) Amplify
c) Fizzle out
d) Dwindle
66) He has gone crazy and wants _____ for his father’s death.
a) Consummation
b) Stability
c) Vengeance
d) Assertion
67) My New Year’s _____ will be to quit smoking.
a) Resumption
b) Recuperation
c) Regression
d) Resolution
68) The reason he’s so fat is because he is always _____ himself.
a) Consistent
b) Feeble
c) Contingent
d) Gorging
69) His _____ was on Third World Countries and their economic status.
a) Procrastination
b) Exposition
c) Rehearsal
d) Consolation
70) Living in the countryside makes me feel with no one around for miles.
a) Stranded
b) Pampered
c) Absolved
d) Absconded
71) There is an art _____ in the National Art Gallery.
a) Demeanor
b) Protest
c) Exposition
d) Collaboration
72) Ever since his dog died he looks _____ and never smiles.
a) Solemn
b) Famished
c) Notorious
d) Weary
73) My father is a _____ and sells fruit door to door.
a) Peddler
b) Deacon
c) Co-worker
d) Target
74) The _____ brought mud and water into the valley homes.
a) Drought
b) Deluge
c) Famine
d) Eruption
75) He is a _____ of the Protestant church.
a) Turner
b) Sect
c) Monarch
d) Deacon
76) The two friends are _____ the same position at the factory.
a) Routing out
b) Lapsing into
c) Falling back on
d) Vieing for
77) He is an excellent _____ and I never get bored of listening to him.
a) Orator
b) Convict
c) Converter
d) Conveyor
78) The _____ in my tooth needs filling.
a) Remark
b) Lapse
c) Flaw
d) Cavity
79) When her husband left her, no one could _____ her.
a) Bribe
b) Trigger
c) Console
d) Maroon
80) Parents want to _____ their children from all possible dangers.
a) Scold
b) Tranquilize
c) Shield
d) Support
81) Our plans to go away for Christmas _____ because he didn’t have enough money.
a) Went bankrupt
b) Came to nothing
c) Freed from blame
d) Were booked in advance
82) His _____ to succeed paid off and he has become a famous lawyer.
a) Contentions
b) Denominations
c) Collaborations
d) Endeavors
83) He never stops. He talks _____.
a) Incessantly
b) Wailingly
c) Penetratingly
d) Bothersomely
84) We’ll have to _____ the concert tonight because I’m busy.
a) Exchange
b) Advocate
c) Forgo
d) Implement
85) His behavior was so _____ that I never want to see him again.
a) Deplorable
b) Commendable
c) Subordinate
d) Impartial
86) My younger sister is as _____ as a mouse.
a) Frustrated
b) Timid
c) Extravagant
d) Depressing
87) Don’t _____ yourself so much or you’ll be tired.
a) Dismantle
b) Ascend
c) Exert
d) Inhibit
88) They say that “nothing _____, nothing gained.”
a) Protested
b) Diverted
c) Ventured
d) Grudged
89) The letter was _____ by courier this morning.
a) Transcribed
b) Darted
c) Translated
d) Dispatched
90) I don’t like any form of _____ on my freedom.
a) Diligence
b) Gossip
c) Domineering
d) Constrains
91) The power of the water was _____ to give electricity.
a) Harnessed
b) Beckoned
c) Allocated
d) Allotted
92) He has been _____ me around all day.
a) Trading
b) Reciting
c) Interrogating
d) Trailing
93) Without _____ nothing would grow in such a dry region.
a) Irrigation
b) Accumulation
c) Adversaries
d) Enforcement
94) I know he’ll _____, of I need support.
a) Laud me
b) Back me up
c) Reward me
d) Compensate
95) His future is _____, if he continues taking drugs.
a) Bleak
b) Cheerful
c) Promising
d) Scattered
96) Since we are living at the same period of time, we are _____.
a) Uniform
b) Peers
c) Contemporaries
d) Periodicals
97) It was a _____ incident and not even worth discussing.
a) Conceivable
b) Blundering
c) Fatigued
d) Trifling
98) We got _____ coming home in the rain.
a) Drenched
b) Flattered
c) Swindled
d) Shackled
99) The horse ______ because it was frightened by the thunder.
a) Notched
b) Shocked
c) Bolted
d) Converted
100) Try to _____ and not change your story.
a) Be in over your head
b) Stick to your guns
c) Have an earful
d) Push up daisies
Reading
Social psychologists use the term attitude to refer to a person’s predisposition to regard given objects or issues in a certain way. People have attitudes about concrete objects – from organic foods to skyscrapers – and about abstract entities – from beauty to fascism -. All attitudes involve a cognitive component; we must have some notion of what constitutes organic foods, no matter how mistaken, before we can form an attitude towards them. Most attitudes also involve an emotional component; your like or dislike of organic food includes a positive or negative emotion.
The third component of an attitude is a predisposition to act in certain ways. If you had been a resident in the district of a Congressional candidate and you had decided you liked him, you most likely would have gone to the polls and voted for him. However, a change in behavior need not reflect a change in attitude, and a change in attitude need not lead to a behavioral change. For example, a person may be influenced to donate blood to a blood bank, but this change in behavior may not be accompanied by any change in underlying beliefs or attitudes. On the other hand, people are sometime influenced to change their minds about social issues, yet they do not alter their behavior in any significant way. In many instances – such s elections – the two sorts of changes usually do go hand to hand.
H C. Kelman has elaborated on the distinction between behavior change and attitude change in his categorization of the three processes by which change takes place. Kelman distinguishes between compliance, which sometimes masquerades as attitude change but in fact reflects only temporary behavior change, and identification and internationalization, processes by which real attitude change takes place.
101) The passage states that before we have attitude about things we must…
a) Have negative emotions towards them.
b) Have some previous idea of what the things we have an attitude about are.
c) Have behavioral changes.
d) Have abstract ideas.
102) What does the passage say about the emotional component?
a) It is the cognitive element of attitude.
b) The notion we have about something may be mistaken.
c) It is more important than disposition.
d) A person cannot have attitude without having emotion.
103) The passage makes it clear that…
a) Changing the way you act doesn’t necessarily mean a change of heart.
b) Attitude change and behavioral change are the same thing.
c) Compliance is an attitude change.
d) Identification and internationalization show compliance.
104) What, according to the passage, is predisposition?
a) Attitude changes.
b) Temporary behavior change.
c) The cognitive component of attitude.
d) The inclination to act a certain way.
105) What are behavior changes based on?
a) Temporary change of attitude.
b) Identification and internationalization.
c) Compliance.
d) A change of mind on social issues.
Man survived the fierce test of the Ice Ages because he had the flexibility of mind to recognize inventions and to turn them into community property. Evidently the Ice Ages worked a profound change in the way man could live. They forced him to depend less on plants and more on animals. The rigors of hunting on the edge of the ice also changed the strategy of hunting. It became less attractive to stalk single animals, however large. The better alternative was to follow herds and not to lose them, to learn to anticipate and in the end to adopt their habits, including their wandering migrations. This is a peculiar adaptation – the transhumance mode of life on the move. It has some of the earlier qualities of hunting, because it is a pursuit; the place and the pace are set by the food animal. And it has some of the later qualities of herding, because the animal is tended and, as it were, stored as a mobile reservoir of food.
The transhumance way of life is itself a cultural fossil now, and has barely survived. The only people that live this way are the Lapps in the extreme north of Scandinavia, who follow the reindeer as they did during the Ice Age. The ancestors of the Lapps may have come north from the Franco-Cantabrian cave area still of the Pyrenees in the wake of the reindeer as the last icecaps retreated from the southern Europe twelve thousand years ago.
106) The Ice Age forced man to…
a) Become a better hunter.
b) Change his eating habits.
c) Become more inventive.
d) Become community property.
107) The ancestors of the Lapps…
a) Were of French descend.
b) Left Southern Europe twelve thousand years ago.
c) Hunted in herds
d) Followed their food animals around.
108) In order to survive, the Ice Age man…
a) Became a wanderer.
b) Hunted only large animals.
c) Formed communities.
d) Had to move fast to keep ahead of the ice.
109) Which statement is true according to the reading?
a) Before the Ice Age men were vegetarians.
b) Hunting at the edge of the ice was dangerous.
c) The transhumance way of life is a fossil.
d) Man had to be less rigid in order to adapt.
110) What dominant changes did this period bring?
a) Hunting was developed to an art.
b) It may have started the practice of herding.
c) Reindeer became the chief source of food.
d) Man became more independent.
Every person begins his life as a single cell – a zygote – that is formed when the male germ cell (spermatozoon) penetrates the female germ cell (ovum). These germ cells, called gametes, are different from all the other cells in the human body because they contain only twenty three separate and distinctively different chromosomes. Each chromosome is subdivided into genes, which are the determiners of hereditary traits, and the genes in turn are largely composed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). In one of the outstanding modern biological breakthroughs, J.D. Watson and F>H> Crick constructed a model of a DNA molecule, which served to substantiate their theory about its ability to replicate itself and its role as chemical code carrier.
The genes are arranged in the same order along each chromosome in the pair; they appear to be strung like beards. It is estimated that each zygote contains 10,000 to 50,000 genes. The great majority of genes are the same for each gamete and so carry instructions for the same chemical process; these are the genes that are common to all mankind and confer on us our common humanity. It is interesting that little is as yet known about how the genes common to all men produce their effects. That is, the mechanism of development remains a biochemical mystery although the mechanism of inheritance is now almost universally accepted. Scientists can explain why a person is born with blue eyes, but they do not yet know why, given two cells with the same set of twenty-three chromosome pairs, one cell becomes part of the brain tissue and the other part of the kidney.
111) What, according to the passage can science not explain?
a) Why each zygote carries a different number of genes.
b) How cells of the same chromosome set become different parts of the body.
c) How one child has blond hair and another has brown.
d) Why each gamete has different genes.
112) What did Crick and Watson want to show?
a) That their model could replicate itself.
b) That DNA was a model.
c) That their theory about DNA had been correct.
d) That DNA was a model molecule.
113) How is the zygote formed?
a) By the penetration of the spermatozoon by the ovum.
b) By the separation of twenty three different chromosomes.
c) By splitting the germ cells.
d) By the union of the gametes.
114) According to the passage, the DNA molecule…
a) Is a biochemical mystery.
b) Is made up of thousands of zygotes.
c) Determines our heredity.
d) Is a modern biological breakthrough.
115) Which statement cannot be inferred from the passage?
a) What the function of genes common to all men is.
b) Gene make up is mostly DNA.
c) Each human being starts off as a zygote.
d) One cell from the same set of chromosomes becomes one thing and the other becomes something else.
During training for athletic events, beverage alcohol is usually restricted from the diet of the trainee. The dangers of over-indulgence and loss of sleep are very real. No sensible athlete would impair his judgment and muscular co-ordination by drinking alcohol prior to engaging in competitive sports. The sense of well-being and confidence attained by taking alcohol is totally false and is as detrimental as is the use of “pep pills” to extend physical endurance beyond its natural limit.
As the level of alcohol continues to rise, the parts of the brain concerned with co-ordination are adversely affected. Muscle reaction time is definitely slowed. This has been proved in various tests of manual skills involving co-ordination between hand and eye, as in typing.
Even moderate amounts of alcohol cause a good typist to slow down and to make more errors. In driving a car, the eye and muscle reaction times are very important. The drinking driver at this stage takes longer to make a decision in any given traffic situation, and having made the decision, he is slower than usual to react in steering the car or applying the brakes. As more alcohol is taken, vision becomes blurred, thus adding materially to the danger. In the non-driving drinker similar results are seen as staggering gait, inability to hold the head erect, drooping eyelids and fumbling with cigarettes, matches and the drinking glass. Speech becomes slurred, and even familiar names and expressions are distorted by inability to control the tongue movements. It is typical of the general confusion of thought that many sentences at this stage are left unfinished and the drinker often switches from subject to subject without apparent conversational reason. To add to the drinker’s contusion, the sense of hearing becomes less acute. If the intake of alcohol continues, the brain becomes more disorganized and can no longer function properly.
116) What is one effect that alcohol does not have?
a) It extends endurance.
b) It throws off co-ordination.
c) It slows down movement.
d) It upsets balance.
117) Which statement is true according to the passage?
a) Alcohol can cause insomnia
b) Heavy drinkers hear better.
c) “Pep pills” can help you stay up later than usual to study more.
d) Alcohol gives people confidence.
118) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
a) “Pep pills” are addictive.
b) Manual skills are hampered by alcohol.
c) “Pep pills” should only be taken by athletes.
d) Even small amounts of alcohol cause blurred vision.
119) Why does the author use the example of “pep pills”?
a) To show that “pep pills” are permissible since they extend endurance.
b) To give athletes an alternative to alcohol.
c) As an additional example of what to avoid.
d) To show that alcohol is more detrimental.
120) From the passage it can be inferred that…
a) Not all the faculties are affected by alcohol.
b) Heavy drinkers can’t hold their tongues.
c) The decision making process is more alert.
d) All the faculties are adversely affected by alcohol.
GRAMMAR
1) I don’t like living here.”
Why? ____________ being centrally located, this is a beautiful house.
a) Nonetheless
b) In addition to
c) Despite
d) Although
2) I’ll never finish this assignment on time.
Don’t you know we have ______________?
a) A 10 day extension period
b) A 10 days extension period
c) 10 days an extension period
d) The period of 10 days extension
3) Why aren’t you seeing Walter any more?
_________________ Walter to tell you.
a) Let
b) Have
c) Get
d) Say
4) Let’s eat at Domenico’s tonight.
Good idea, but we _______________ better see about reserving a table.
a) Would be
b) Should
c) Had
d) Have
5) How could you have eaten the whole cake?
Well, ________________ the two of us, we managed it.
a) By
b) Besides
c) Between
d) For
6) Your father looks angry.
He’s upset _____________ the year.
a) For me to fail
b) About my failure
c) About my failing
d) To fail
7) I think they’ll be very happy together.
I don’t. They aren’t _____________ to one another.
a) Suitable
b) Suited
c) Suiting
d) Suitably
8) Who is bringing Jane to the party?
Do you know _____________?
a) Is she coming
b) Will she come
c) If she is coming
d) If she comes
9) The plumber is finally here.
Good. Show him what needs ______________.
a) Fixed
b) To be fixed
c) To fix
d) For fixing
10) Do you have any close friends?
Yes, and I think everyone should have friends _______________ they can talk to.
a) With whom
b) To whom
c) Which
d) That
11) He really is a great actor.
Yes, we were all very impressed _______________ his acting.
a) From
b) By
c) Through
d) At
12) Don’t be late again.
I plan ___________ being the first one there.
a) To
b) About
c) For
d) On
13) I don’t think Joe is a good choice for president.
I don’t think he’s _____________ eloquent enough.
a) Quite
b) Too
c) Very
d) Much
14) Do you feel tired?
Yes, I ___________
a) Do feel
b) Am
c) Do
d) Feel
15) Did you send in your application forms?
No, I was ____________ them in by now, but I can’t decide which university I want to go to.
a) To send
b) Sent
c) To have sent
d) To have been sent
16) Why were you studying all night?
Had I not, I ____________.
a) Would fail
b) Would be failed
c) Would of failed
d) Would have failed
17) Where would you like to live?
______________ I’ve always dreamed of doing is retiring to Bermuda.
a) What
b) There
c) Where
d) That
18) Why don’t we go in John’s car?
He has ___________ for all of us to fit into.
a) A too small car
b) Too small a car
c) Very small a car
d) Such small a car
19) The doctor told him he’s very sick.
That’s something we may all ________ one day.
a) Face with
b) Be faced with
c) Be faced
d) Be facing with
20) Did you eat all of the casserole that was in the oven?
Yes, __________ I would have starved to death.
a) Even though
b) Otherwise
c) Nonetheless
d) Unless
21) That tablecloth is all wrinkled.
It needs ________ before you can lay it on the table.
a) To press
b) To be press
c) Pressing
d) Pressed
22) I found this book on my desk.
Check and see if __________ a name in it.
a) It is
b) This is
c) There is
d) It may be
23) Why did Henry and Marge separate?
Because however ____________, they couldn’t get along.
a) They tried hard
b) Hard they tried
c) Hardly they tried
d) They did try hard
24) Aren’t they finished yet?
They could _____________ by this time tomorrow.
a) Have been
b) Be finish
c) Finished
d) Finish
25) Is Davidson a good dentist?
Certainly not! I’ve never felt more pain ________ in his dentist’s chair.
a) Like
b) Than
c) As
d) But
26) Doesn’t listening to that song over and over again bore you?
No, ______________ I enjoy it.
a) Enough surprising
b) Surprisingly enough
c) Surprise enough
d) Enough surprisingly
27) Have you thought of studying in Sweden?
No. I prefer ____________ any day.
a) An educational American
b) An American education
c) An education in America
d) Educated in America
28) Haven’t they come yet?
No, they should be here ____________ two hours.
a) Around
b) Until
c) In
d) By
29) Are you going to study or red this new best seller tonight?
I’ll neither study _________ read anything.
a) Nor
b) Or
c) And not
d) And not even
30) Do you have lunch here often?
No, I usually eat in the _________.
a) School’s cafeteria
b) School cafeteria
c) Cafeteria of school
d) Schools cafeteria
31) Must you always believe what she tells you?
Yes, I have complete faith ___________ whatever she says.
a) On
b) In
c) To
d) For
32) He’s a clothing designer isn’t she?
Yes. He’s one of the best ________ of new fashions in his hobby.
a) Creation
b) The creation
c) Creating
d) To create
33) Do you have many friends?
No, Ester is ________ true friend.
a) My only one
b) My one and only
c) Only my one
d) My only and one
34) Will you join us for a drink after the meeting?
____________ I’d like to, I won’t have time.
a) So much that
b) As much as
c) More than
d) Too much that
35) I went out and bought you the dress you had seen at Robinson’s.
Oh dear. I wish you _____________ me first.
a) Would ask
b) Would have asked
c) Asked
d) Had asked
36) What happened to you last night?
No sooner had we arrived _______ we discovered that we had forgotten our suitcases.
a) When
b) That
c) Than
d) But
37) The fruit on those trees looks ripe.
Now is the time ___ it.
a) To pick
b) Picking
c) Pick
d) For to pick
38) Where will you eat now that the cafeteria was closed down?
I don’t know. I ____ there.
a) Was used to eat
b) Was used to eating
c) Use to eat
d) Used to eating
39) He really is very clever.
Yes. _______ Fascinating ideas he has.
a) How
b) What
c) Which
d) Those
40) Do you go to the gym every second day?
Yes. I believe that exercising ______________.
a) Is improving one’s health
b) One’s health improves
c) Improves one’s health
d) By improving one’s health
CLOSE
Can trees talk? Yes – but not in _41_. Scientists have _42_ to believe that trees _43_ communicate _44_each other. Not long ago, researchers learned some surprising things. First, a willow tree _45_ in the woods by caterpillars changed the chemistry of its leaves and made them taste so _46_ that the caterpillars _47_ disgusted and stopped eating them _48_, even _49_ astonishing, the _50_ sent out special vapors – an alarm signal _51_ its neighbors to change the chemistry of their own leaves and make them _52_ tasty.
_53_, of course, doesn’t need to be in words. We can talk to _54_ other by a smile, frown, a shrug of our shoulders, a gesture with our _55_. We know _56_ birds and animals use a _57_ vocabulary of songs, sounds, and movements. Bees dance their signals, flying in certain patterns _58_ tell other bees where to find nectar for honey. So why _59_ _60_ have ways of sending messages?
41. a. voice c. fact
B. reality d. words
42. a. had c. made
B. reason d. came
43. a. do c. Have
B. which d. many
44. a. for c. with
B. by d. to
45. a. standing c. found
B. was d. attacked
46. a. good c. Awful
B. much d. badly
47. a. got c. Which
B. they d. Very
48. a. being c. was
C. then d. tough
49. a. more c. that
B. as d. so
50. a. leaf c. neighbors
C. caterpillars d. tree
51. a. for c. stimulating
B. making d. that
52. a. so c. very
B. less d. not
53. a. stimulation c. reason
B. communication d. that
54. A. One c. each
B. an d. the
55. a. eyes c. head
B. mouth d. hands
56. a. that c. the
B. often d. because
57. a. widely c. lot
B. whole d. new
58. a. trying c. that
B. they d. and
59. a. don’t c. not
B. the d. shouldn’t
60. a. tress c. they
B. birds d. bees
Vocabulary
61) His defense is so weak that in court he won’t have____.
a) To get away with it
b) To pull my leg
c) A leg to stand on
d) To tamper with it
62) Because her death was a suicide, the insurance company refused to give the family____.
a) Restitution
b) Assertion
c) Refund
d) Rehabilitation
63) It’s not my responsibility because it wasn’t during my _____. John was the manager then.
a) Zeal
b) Infliction
c) Peak
d) Tenure
64) Children don’t like to be _____ in front of others.
a) Admonish
b) Precipitated
c) Forlorn
d) Abandoned
65) Those large speakers will really _____ the sound.
a) Cease
b) Amplify
c) Fizzle out
d) Dwindle
66) He has gone crazy and wants _____ for his father’s death.
a) Consummation
b) Stability
c) Vengeance
d) Assertion
67) My New Year’s _____ will be to quit smoking.
a) Resumption
b) Recuperation
c) Regression
d) Resolution
68) The reason he’s so fat is because he is always _____ himself.
a) Consistent
b) Feeble
c) Contingent
d) Gorging
69) His _____ was on Third World Countries and their economic status.
a) Procrastination
b) Exposition
c) Rehearsal
d) Consolation
70) Living in the countryside makes me feel with no one around for miles.
a) Stranded
b) Pampered
c) Absolved
d) Absconded
71) There is an art _____ in the National Art Gallery.
a) Demeanor
b) Protest
c) Exposition
d) Collaboration
72) Ever since his dog died he looks _____ and never smiles.
a) Solemn
b) Famished
c) Notorious
d) Weary
73) My father is a _____ and sells fruit door to door.
a) Peddler
b) Deacon
c) Co-worker
d) Target
74) The _____ brought mud and water into the valley homes.
a) Drought
b) Deluge
c) Famine
d) Eruption
75) He is a _____ of the Protestant church.
a) Turner
b) Sect
c) Monarch
d) Deacon
76) The two friends are _____ the same position at the factory.
a) Routing out
b) Lapsing into
c) Falling back on
d) Vieing for
77) He is an excellent _____ and I never get bored of listening to him.
a) Orator
b) Convict
c) Converter
d) Conveyor
78) The _____ in my tooth needs filling.
a) Remark
b) Lapse
c) Flaw
d) Cavity
79) When her husband left her, no one could _____ her.
a) Bribe
b) Trigger
c) Console
d) Maroon
80) Parents want to _____ their children from all possible dangers.
a) Scold
b) Tranquilize
c) Shield
d) Support
81) Our plans to go away for Christmas _____ because he didn’t have enough money.
a) Went bankrupt
b) Came to nothing
c) Freed from blame
d) Were booked in advance
82) His _____ to succeed paid off and he has become a famous lawyer.
a) Contentions
b) Denominations
c) Collaborations
d) Endeavors
83) He never stops. He talks _____.
a) Incessantly
b) Wailingly
c) Penetratingly
d) Bothersomely
84) We’ll have to _____ the concert tonight because I’m busy.
a) Exchange
b) Advocate
c) Forgo
d) Implement
85) His behavior was so _____ that I never want to see him again.
a) Deplorable
b) Commendable
c) Subordinate
d) Impartial
86) My younger sister is as _____ as a mouse.
a) Frustrated
b) Timid
c) Extravagant
d) Depressing
87) Don’t _____ yourself so much or you’ll be tired.
a) Dismantle
b) Ascend
c) Exert
d) Inhibit
88) They say that “nothing _____, nothing gained.”
a) Protested
b) Diverted
c) Ventured
d) Grudged
89) The letter was _____ by courier this morning.
a) Transcribed
b) Darted
c) Translated
d) Dispatched
90) I don’t like any form of _____ on my freedom.
a) Diligence
b) Gossip
c) Domineering
d) Constrains
91) The power of the water was _____ to give electricity.
a) Harnessed
b) Beckoned
c) Allocated
d) Allotted
92) He has been _____ me around all day.
a) Trading
b) Reciting
c) Interrogating
d) Trailing
93) Without _____ nothing would grow in such a dry region.
a) Irrigation
b) Accumulation
c) Adversaries
d) Enforcement
94) I know he’ll _____, of I need support.
a) Laud me
b) Back me up
c) Reward me
d) Compensate
95) His future is _____, if he continues taking drugs.
a) Bleak
b) Cheerful
c) Promising
d) Scattered
96) Since we are living at the same period of time, we are _____.
a) Uniform
b) Peers
c) Contemporaries
d) Periodicals
97) It was a _____ incident and not even worth discussing.
a) Conceivable
b) Blundering
c) Fatigued
d) Trifling
98) We got _____ coming home in the rain.
a) Drenched
b) Flattered
c) Swindled
d) Shackled
99) The horse ______ because it was frightened by the thunder.
a) Notched
b) Shocked
c) Bolted
d) Converted
100) Try to _____ and not change your story.
a) Be in over your head
b) Stick to your guns
c) Have an earful
d) Push up daisies
Reading
Social psychologists use the term attitude to refer to a person’s predisposition to regard given objects or issues in a certain way. People have attitudes about concrete objects – from organic foods to skyscrapers – and about abstract entities – from beauty to fascism -. All attitudes involve a cognitive component; we must have some notion of what constitutes organic foods, no matter how mistaken, before we can form an attitude towards them. Most attitudes also involve an emotional component; your like or dislike of organic food includes a positive or negative emotion.
The third component of an attitude is a predisposition to act in certain ways. If you had been a resident in the district of a Congressional candidate and you had decided you liked him, you most likely would have gone to the polls and voted for him. However, a change in behavior need not reflect a change in attitude, and a change in attitude need not lead to a behavioral change. For example, a person may be influenced to donate blood to a blood bank, but this change in behavior may not be accompanied by any change in underlying beliefs or attitudes. On the other hand, people are sometime influenced to change their minds about social issues, yet they do not alter their behavior in any significant way. In many instances – such s elections – the two sorts of changes usually do go hand to hand.
H C. Kelman has elaborated on the distinction between behavior change and attitude change in his categorization of the three processes by which change takes place. Kelman distinguishes between compliance, which sometimes masquerades as attitude change but in fact reflects only temporary behavior change, and identification and internationalization, processes by which real attitude change takes place.
101) The passage states that before we have attitude about things we must…
a) Have negative emotions towards them.
b) Have some previous idea of what the things we have an attitude about are.
c) Have behavioral changes.
d) Have abstract ideas.
102) What does the passage say about the emotional component?
a) It is the cognitive element of attitude.
b) The notion we have about something may be mistaken.
c) It is more important than disposition.
d) A person cannot have attitude without having emotion.
103) The passage makes it clear that…
a) Changing the way you act doesn’t necessarily mean a change of heart.
b) Attitude change and behavioral change are the same thing.
c) Compliance is an attitude change.
d) Identification and internationalization show compliance.
104) What, according to the passage, is predisposition?
a) Attitude changes.
b) Temporary behavior change.
c) The cognitive component of attitude.
d) The inclination to act a certain way.
105) What are behavior changes based on?
a) Temporary change of attitude.
b) Identification and internationalization.
c) Compliance.
d) A change of mind on social issues.
Man survived the fierce test of the Ice Ages because he had the flexibility of mind to recognize inventions and to turn them into community property. Evidently the Ice Ages worked a profound change in the way man could live. They forced him to depend less on plants and more on animals. The rigors of hunting on the edge of the ice also changed the strategy of hunting. It became less attractive to stalk single animals, however large. The better alternative was to follow herds and not to lose them, to learn to anticipate and in the end to adopt their habits, including their wandering migrations. This is a peculiar adaptation – the transhumance mode of life on the move. It has some of the earlier qualities of hunting, because it is a pursuit; the place and the pace are set by the food animal. And it has some of the later qualities of herding, because the animal is tended and, as it were, stored as a mobile reservoir of food.
The transhumance way of life is itself a cultural fossil now, and has barely survived. The only people that live this way are the Lapps in the extreme north of Scandinavia, who follow the reindeer as they did during the Ice Age. The ancestors of the Lapps may have come north from the Franco-Cantabrian cave area still of the Pyrenees in the wake of the reindeer as the last icecaps retreated from the southern Europe twelve thousand years ago.
106) The Ice Age forced man to…
a) Become a better hunter.
b) Change his eating habits.
c) Become more inventive.
d) Become community property.
107) The ancestors of the Lapps…
a) Were of French descend.
b) Left Southern Europe twelve thousand years ago.
c) Hunted in herds
d) Followed their food animals around.
108) In order to survive, the Ice Age man…
a) Became a wanderer.
b) Hunted only large animals.
c) Formed communities.
d) Had to move fast to keep ahead of the ice.
109) Which statement is true according to the reading?
a) Before the Ice Age men were vegetarians.
b) Hunting at the edge of the ice was dangerous.
c) The transhumance way of life is a fossil.
d) Man had to be less rigid in order to adapt.
110) What dominant changes did this period bring?
a) Hunting was developed to an art.
b) It may have started the practice of herding.
c) Reindeer became the chief source of food.
d) Man became more independent.
Every person begins his life as a single cell – a zygote – that is formed when the male germ cell (spermatozoon) penetrates the female germ cell (ovum). These germ cells, called gametes, are different from all the other cells in the human body because they contain only twenty three separate and distinctively different chromosomes. Each chromosome is subdivided into genes, which are the determiners of hereditary traits, and the genes in turn are largely composed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). In one of the outstanding modern biological breakthroughs, J.D. Watson and F>H> Crick constructed a model of a DNA molecule, which served to substantiate their theory about its ability to replicate itself and its role as chemical code carrier.
The genes are arranged in the same order along each chromosome in the pair; they appear to be strung like beards. It is estimated that each zygote contains 10,000 to 50,000 genes. The great majority of genes are the same for each gamete and so carry instructions for the same chemical process; these are the genes that are common to all mankind and confer on us our common humanity. It is interesting that little is as yet known about how the genes common to all men produce their effects. That is, the mechanism of development remains a biochemical mystery although the mechanism of inheritance is now almost universally accepted. Scientists can explain why a person is born with blue eyes, but they do not yet know why, given two cells with the same set of twenty-three chromosome pairs, one cell becomes part of the brain tissue and the other part of the kidney.
111) What, according to the passage can science not explain?
a) Why each zygote carries a different number of genes.
b) How cells of the same chromosome set become different parts of the body.
c) How one child has blond hair and another has brown.
d) Why each gamete has different genes.
112) What did Crick and Watson want to show?
a) That their model could replicate itself.
b) That DNA was a model.
c) That their theory about DNA had been correct.
d) That DNA was a model molecule.
113) How is the zygote formed?
a) By the penetration of the spermatozoon by the ovum.
b) By the separation of twenty three different chromosomes.
c) By splitting the germ cells.
d) By the union of the gametes.
114) According to the passage, the DNA molecule…
a) Is a biochemical mystery.
b) Is made up of thousands of zygotes.
c) Determines our heredity.
d) Is a modern biological breakthrough.
115) Which statement cannot be inferred from the passage?
a) What the function of genes common to all men is.
b) Gene make up is mostly DNA.
c) Each human being starts off as a zygote.
d) One cell from the same set of chromosomes becomes one thing and the other becomes something else.
During training for athletic events, beverage alcohol is usually restricted from the diet of the trainee. The dangers of over-indulgence and loss of sleep are very real. No sensible athlete would impair his judgment and muscular co-ordination by drinking alcohol prior to engaging in competitive sports. The sense of well-being and confidence attained by taking alcohol is totally false and is as detrimental as is the use of “pep pills” to extend physical endurance beyond its natural limit.
As the level of alcohol continues to rise, the parts of the brain concerned with co-ordination are adversely affected. Muscle reaction time is definitely slowed. This has been proved in various tests of manual skills involving co-ordination between hand and eye, as in typing.
Even moderate amounts of alcohol cause a good typist to slow down and to make more errors. In driving a car, the eye and muscle reaction times are very important. The drinking driver at this stage takes longer to make a decision in any given traffic situation, and having made the decision, he is slower than usual to react in steering the car or applying the brakes. As more alcohol is taken, vision becomes blurred, thus adding materially to the danger. In the non-driving drinker similar results are seen as staggering gait, inability to hold the head erect, drooping eyelids and fumbling with cigarettes, matches and the drinking glass. Speech becomes slurred, and even familiar names and expressions are distorted by inability to control the tongue movements. It is typical of the general confusion of thought that many sentences at this stage are left unfinished and the drinker often switches from subject to subject without apparent conversational reason. To add to the drinker’s contusion, the sense of hearing becomes less acute. If the intake of alcohol continues, the brain becomes more disorganized and can no longer function properly.
116) What is one effect that alcohol does not have?
a) It extends endurance.
b) It throws off co-ordination.
c) It slows down movement.
d) It upsets balance.
117) Which statement is true according to the passage?
a) Alcohol can cause insomnia
b) Heavy drinkers hear better.
c) “Pep pills” can help you stay up later than usual to study more.
d) Alcohol gives people confidence.
118) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
a) “Pep pills” are addictive.
b) Manual skills are hampered by alcohol.
c) “Pep pills” should only be taken by athletes.
d) Even small amounts of alcohol cause blurred vision.
119) Why does the author use the example of “pep pills”?
a) To show that “pep pills” are permissible since they extend endurance.
b) To give athletes an alternative to alcohol.
c) As an additional example of what to avoid.
d) To show that alcohol is more detrimental.
120) From the passage it can be inferred that…
a) Not all the faculties are affected by alcohol.
b) Heavy drinkers can’t hold their tongues.
c) The decision making process is more alert.
d) All the faculties are adversely affected by alcohol.
